Adams DL. Health Issues for Women of Color: A Cultural Diversity Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 1995. Includes bibliographic materials and references.

Ahuarangik C. Creating a safe cultural space. Nursing. 1996;2,(10):13-15.

Asian American Health Issues. Oakland, CA: Kaiser Foundation Health Plan. 1996.

Asian Voice: Asian and Asian-American Health Educators Speak Out. New York, NY: NLN Press. 1997.

Atkinson D, Morton G, Sue DW. Counseling American Minorities: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown, Co. 1983.

Axtell RE. Gestures: The DO's and TABOOs of Body Language Around the World. New York, NY: Wiley, 1991.

Brislin R. Understanding Culture's Influence on Behavior. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace.1993.

Brislin RW, Cushner K, Cherrie C, Yong M. Intercultural Interactions: A Practical Guide. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1996.

Bronner YL, Nutritional status outcomes for children: Ethnic, cultural, and environmental contexts. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1996;96(9):891-903.
Literature review; includes recommendation that culturally appropriate interventions be made at the individual, family and community levels.

Buchwald, D. Panwaala S, Hooton TM. Use of traditional health practices by Southeast Asian refugees in a primary care clinic. The Western Journal of Medicine. 1992;156(5):507-511.

Burstyn L. Female circumcision comes to America. Atlantic Monthly. 1995;276(4):28-35.

Bushy A. Cultural considerations for primary health care: Where do self-care and folk medicine fit? Holistic Nursing Practice? 1992;6(3):10-18.

Bushy A. Health issues of women in rural environments: An overview. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association. 1998;53,2:53-56.
Presents profile of America's rural women and impact of economic, social, geographic and cultural factors on their health; supports understanding of their medical concerns.

Campbell JC, Campbell, DW. Cultural competence in care of abused women. Journal of Nurse Midwifery.
Adds advocacy to existing models of culturally competent health care. Presents stages of abuse with specific information about cultural differences and patterns.

Caring for Health: History and Diversity. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press. 1993.

Caudle P. Providing culturally sensitive health care to Hispanic clients. Nurse Practitioner. 1993;18(12):40-49.

Technical Assistance Bulletin: You can use communication principles to create culturally sensitive and effective prevention materials. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse and Prevention.
A practical reference for developing culturally sensitive and effective messages for target audiences using principles of health communication.

Cross-cultural medicine. Western Journal of Medicine: Special Issue.1983;129(6).

Cross-cultural medicine: A decade later. Western Journal of Medicine: Special Issue. 1992;157(3).

Cross T., Bazron, B, Dennis K, Isaacs M. Towards a Culturally Competent System of Care: A Monograph on Effective Services for Minority Children Who are Severely Emotionally Disturbed (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Assistance Center. Georgetown University Child Development Training Center. 1989.

Cultural Titles. Reston, VA: American Medical Student Association.
Provides information about culturally appropriate ways to address people.

Eisenberg DM, Kessler, RC, et al. Unconventional medicine in the United States: Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use. New England Journal of Medicine. 1993;326:246-258.

DP. Somatization in cross-cultural perspective: A World Health Organization study in primary care. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1997;154(7):989-995.
Explores phenomenon of somatization in different cultures. Discusses modest link with education, no clear link to geography or level of economic development, and prevalent in primary care practices across cultures.

Faden R, Beauchamp T. A History and Theory of Informed Consent. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Felder E. The cultural competency challenges in providing human services. Journal of Cultural Diversity. 1996;32(2):28.

Fontes LA. Sexual Abuse in Nine North American Cultures: Treatment and Prevention. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1995.

Ford CW. We Can All Get Along: 50 Steps You Can Take to Help End Racism at Home, At Work and in Your Community. New York, NY: Dell. 1994.

Foster G. Disease, etiologies, in non-Western medical systems. American Anthropologist. 1976;78:777-782.

Freda MC. Cultural competence in patient education. American Journal of Maternal and Child Nursing. 1997;22(4):219-20.

Giving the Best Care Possible: Unlearning Homophobia in the Health and Social Service Setting. New York, NY: Office of Gay and Lesbian Health Concerns.

Greenway C. Hungry earth and vengeful stars: Soul loss and identity in the Puruvian Andes. Social Science and Medicine. 1998;47(8):993-1004.
Outlines Quechua constructions of body, self, and cosmos and of health and illness; a crisis of identity; and treatment that reintegrates identity, community, and cosmos.

Haffner L. Translation is not enough: Interpreting in a medical setting. The Western Journal of Medicine. 1992;157(3),255-259.

Harwood A. The hot-cold theory of disease: Implications for treatment of Puerto Rican patients. JAMA. 1971;216:1153-1158.

Hazel Z, McKinney EA, Williams M. Black Aged: Understanding Diversity and Service Needs. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1990.

Health Issues for Women of Color: A Cultural Diversity Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 1995.

Health of Indigenous Peoples of the Americas. Washington, DC: Pan American Health Association. 1997.
Discusses need to respect traditional beliefs and migration patterns, to overcome language barriers and consider the effects of poverty and lack of education.

Hispanic Health Issue, JAMA, 1991;235(2).

Hodes R. Cross-cultural medicine and diverse health beliefs: Ethiopians abroad. Western Journal of Medicine. 1997;166(1):29-36.
Discusses Ethiopian customs and beliefs about health and medicine (e.g., blowing wind and pain, STDs,) traditional healers, male and female circumcision, preference for tablets rather that injections, tradition that bad news is given to the family and not the patient, and health education.

Institute on Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. Papers published from the "Forum on Language Barriers to Care" Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 1998;9 supplemental, S5-S95.

Issues of War Trauma and Working with Refugees. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. 1995.
Provides information about how trauma and post-traumatic stress affect children and adults.

Jackson L. Understanding, eliciting, and negotiating client's multicultural health beliefs. Nurse Practitioner. 1993;18(4)30-34.

Jennings B. Cultural diversity meets end-of-life decision making. Hospital Health Network.1994;68(18):72.

Jezewski MA. Culture brokering as a model for advocacy. Nursing and Health Care. 1993;14(2):78-85.

Johnson RW. African American Voices: African American Health Educators Speak Out. New York, NY: National League for Nursing. 1995.

Kagawa-Singer M. Diverse cultural beliefs and practices about death and dying in the elderly. Gerontology and Geriatrics Education, 1994;15(1):101-116.

Kagawa-Singer M. Cross-cultural views of disability. Rehabilitation Nursing. 1994;19:362-365.

Kagawa-Singer M, Katz D, Taylor D, Vanderyn J (eds.). Health Issues for Minority Adolescents. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. 1996.

Kim LH. Korean ethos. The Journal of the Korean American Medical Association. 1996;2(1):13-23.

Kim YY. Interethnic Communication: Current Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1986.

Kitano HL, Daniels R. Asian-Americans: Emerging Minorities. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1988.

Kivel P. Uprooting Racism: How White People Can Work for Racial Justice, Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers. 1996.
Explores dynamics of racism, history, being an ally, institutional racism and democratic, anti-racist multiculturalism.

Kleinman A. Patients And Healers In The Context Of Culture: An Exploration Of The Boarderline Between Anthropology, Medicine, And Psychiatry. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 1980.

Knowles L, Prewitt K (eds.). Institutional Racism in America. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 1969.

Kutz JH. White Awareness: Handbook for Anti-Racism Training. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 1978.
Explores definitions and inconsistencies, dealing with feelings, cultural racism, the meaning of whiteness, and developing strategies for action.

Laffre S, Meleis A, Lipson J, Solomon M. Omidian P. Assessing Arab-American health care needs. Social Science and Medicine. 1989;29(7):877-883.

Lazere E, Leonard P. A Place to Call Home: The Low Income Housing Crisis in 44 Major Metropolitan Areas. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. 1992.

Lester N. Cultural competence: A nursing dialogue. American Journal of Nursing. 1998;98(8):26-33.

Lester N. Cultural competence: A nursing dialogue2. American Journal of Nursing. 1998;98(9):36-42.
A two-part series that explores the nurse-patient relationship, culture and prejudice, and methods of transcultural nursing.

Levine MA. Exploring cultural diversity. Journal of Cultural Diversity. 1997;4(2):53-56.
Companion article to "Out of the Comfort Zone." Provides a professor and student perspective about planning and experiencing a clinical experience in a developing country. Reports need for increasing global understanding of the relationship between culture and health in order to practice wellness for all citizens of the planet.

Levinson W. Roter DL, et al. Physician-patient communication: The relationship with malpractice claims among primary care physicians and surgeons. JAMA. 1997;277(7):553-559.

Lewin-Epstein N. Determinants of regular source of health care in Black, Mexican, Puerto Rica, and Non-Hispanic White populations. Medical Care. 1001;29(6):543-557.

Like RC, Steiner PR, Rubel, AJ. Recommended core curricular guidelines on culturally sensitive and competent health care. Family Medicine. 1996;28;291-297.

Lin EHB. Intraethnic characteristics and the patient-physician interaction. Journal of Family Practice. 1983; 16,1:91-98.

Lipson JG, Meleis AI. Issues in health care of Middle Eastern patients. The Western Journal of Medicine. 1983;139(6):854-862.

Lo SD, Richman JA, Flaherty JA, Rospenda KM. Medical Education and the need for greater awareness of Asian Americans' cultural diversity. Academy of Medicine. 1993;68(2):147-148.

Maduro R. Curanderismo and Latino views of disease and curing. The Western Journal of Medicine. 1983;139(6):868-875.

Magnus MM. What is your IQ on cross-cultural nutrition counseling? Diabetes Education. 1996;2(1):57-62.
Explores diabetes prevention and control and nutrition education for patients.

Manson SM, The wounded spirit: A cultural formulation of PTSD. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 1996;20(4):489-498.
Explores relationships among traumatic stress, combat, alcohol, and American Indian culture.

Marcus L, Marcus A. Cross-cultural medicine decoded: Learning about "us" in the process of learning about "them." Family Medicine. 1988;20(6):449-457.

Martin HW, Martinez C, Leon RL, Richardson C, Acosta VR. Folk illness reported to physicians in the lower Rio Grande Valley: A binational comparison. Ethnology. 1985;24:229-236.

Mattson S, Lew, L. Culturally sensitive prenatal care for Southeast Asians. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. 1992;21(1):48-54.

McIntosh P. White Privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Independent School. 1989: winter.

Mernissi F. Beyond the Veil: Make-Female Dynamics in Modern Muslim Society. Bloomington, IN: University Press. 1987.

Mirande A. The Chicano Experience: An Alternative Perspective. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. 1985.

Mishler EG, Clark JA, Ingelfinger J et al. The language of attentive patient care: A comparison of two patient interviews. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 1989;4,(4):325-35.

Moffic HS, Kinzie JD. The history and future of cross-cultural psychiatric services. Community Mental Health Journal. 1996;32(6):581-92.
Discusses shifts to recognize that cultural beliefs, peer pressure, family expectations, and other elements operate in unique combination in different cultures and ethnic groups; that treatment and outcome are affected by culture; and that people of all cultural and ethnic backgrounds need access to cost-effective services.

Morse JM, Young, DE, Swartz L. Cree Indian healing practices and Western health care: A comparative analysis. Social Science and Medicine. 1991;32(12):1261-1267.

Muecke M. In search of healers-Southeast Asian refugees in the American health care system. The Western Journal of Medicine. 1983;139(6):835-841.

Mull J. Cross-cultural communication in the physician's office. The Western Journal of Medicine. 1993;159:609-613.

Multilingual Health Education Resource Guide. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. 1997.
Provides information about how to obtain a variety of practical resource materials in 8 languages of refugee communities (e.g., Asian, Eastern European, Haitian-Creole, Arabic, Somali).

Munks JJ. Diagnosis: Babel. AT&T provides a way to cope with language barriers. Emergency Medical Services. 1995;24(10):54, 56,70-71. (to subscribe to AT&T language/interpretation service call 1-800/753-6096)

Neisen JH. Heterosexism: Redefining Homophobia for the 1990s. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy.1990;1(3):21-35.

Nickens H. The role of race/ethnicity and social class in minority health status. Health Services Research. 1995;30(1):151-162.

Northam S. Access to health promotion, protection, and disease prevention among impoverished individuals. Public Health Nursing. 1996;13(5):353-364.
Survey of health care access in northern Texas, including emergency room use and unmet chronic health care needs.

Novack DH et al. Calibrating the physician: Personal awareness and effective patient care. JAMA. 1997;278(6):502-509.
Proposes curriculum of 4 core topics for reflection and discussion: physician's beliefs and attitudes, feelings and emotional responses in patient care, challenging situations, and self-care-to improve their clinical care, satisfaction with work, relationships, and selves.

Novins DK, Bechtold DW, Sack WH, et al The DSM-IV outline for cultural formulation: A critical demonstration with American Indian children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology. 1997;36(9):1244-51.
Discusses strengths and limitation of the outline to assist clinician's to evaluate the impact of cultural context on diagnosis and treatment, including gaps concerning cultural identity and cultural elements of the therapeutic relationship.

Nutting PA (ed.). Community-Oriented Primary Care: From Principles to Practice. Kansas City, MO: Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. 1990.
Useful reference for primary care providers, educators, and researchers who are committed to expanding primary care activities beyond the confines of the examining room. Includes variety of practical tools and techniques, including ideas for culturally responsive medicine.

Office of Minority Health Resource Center. Pocket Guide to Minority Health Resources. Washington, DC: Office of Minority Health Resource Center. http://www.omhrc.gov/Welcome.HTM

Ohmans P, Garrett C, Treschel C. Cultural barriers to health for refugees and immigrants: Providers perceptions. Minnesota Medicine.1996;79(5):26-30.
Examines barriers to good health, delays in seeking care, and culture-based reactions to western, allopathic medicine-both positive and negative..

Otiniano ME, Herrera CR, Castillo L. Needs of Hispanic elderly reflect cultural differences. Texas Medicine. 1996;92(10):33-34.
Explores health services needs and demand, the aged and Hispanic Americans.

Pachter L. Culture and clinical care: Folk illness beliefs and behaviors and their implications for health care delivery. JAMA. 1994;214(9).

Page H, Thomas RB. White public space and the construction of white privilege in U.S. health care: Fresh concepts and new models of analysis. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. 1994;8(1):109-116.

Pan American Health Organization. Health Promotion: An Anthology. Washington, DC. 1996.
Includes contributions from more than 50 public health experts on 4 continents: developing a framework, public policy, community action, personal health skills, and health promotion for specific groups.

Patel C, Nicol A. Adaptation of African-American cultural and food preferences in end-stage renal disease diets. Advanced Renal Replacement Therapy. 1997;4(1):30-39.
Discusses importance of responding to ethnic influx and becoming familiar with ethnic foods and cooking. Includes glossary of ethnic foods and analysis of foods common to African-American culture.

Pinderhughes E. Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Power: The Key to Efficacy in Clinical Practice. New York, NY: The press Press. 1989.

Ponterrotto JG, Pedersen P. Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors and Educators. Newburgy Park, CA: Sage. 1993.

President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities. Disability and Diversity: New Leadership for a New Era. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1989.

Pressler WW, Nephrol S. Hypertension in the African-American community: Social, cultural, and psychological factors. Seminars in Nephrology. 1996;16(2):71-82.
Considers social and cultural context and the social and psychological processes associated with hypertension, including the role of socio-economic disadvantage, struggle and frustration, and supportive social institutions.

Putch RWI. Cross cultural communication: The special case of interpreters in health care. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1985;254(23):3344-3348.

Rankin S, Kappy M. Developing therapeutic relationships in multicultural settings. Academic Medicine. 1993;68(11):826-827.

Rankow EJ. Lesbian health issues for the primary care provider. Journal of Family Practice. 1995;40:486-493.

Rankow L. Women's Health Issues: Planning For Diversity. Durham, NC: Duke University Medical Center.1995.

Recommended Core Curriculum and Guidelines for Culturally Sensitive and Competent Health Care. Kansas City, MO: Society for Teachers of Family Medicine. 1996.

Removing Barriers to Health Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, and Transgendered Clients: Trainer Handbook. Washington, DC: The National Lesbian and Gay Health Association.

Reynolds C. Madeleine Leininger: Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1993.

Rider ME, Mason JL. Issues in Culturally Competent Service Delivery: An Annotated Bibliography. Portland, OR: Portland State University, Research and Training Center on Family Support and Children's Mental Health.

Rodriguez MA, Szkupinski Q, Bauer H. Breaking the silence: Battered women's perspectives on medical care. Archives of Family Medicine, 1996;5:153-158.
Identifies conditions related to disclosure or non-disclosure of violence. Cites need for provider to exhibit compassion, awareness and respect and support, and to respect the patient's need to make decisions that offer the greatest potential for a safe outcome.

Rorie JA, Paine LL, Berger MK. Primary care for women: Cultural competence in primary care issues. Journal of Nurse Midwifery: 1996;41(2):92-100.
Describes a cultural competence continuum in providing primary care services for women and ways that cultural competence can assure availability of key components of primary care for all women, especially those from vulnerable populations.

Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Education Quarterly1988;15:175-183.

Rothschild SK. Cross-cultural issues in primary care medicine. Dis Mon;1998;44(7):293-319.

Rueschenberg E, Burierl R. Mexican American family functioning and acculturation: A family systems perspective. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 1989;11(3):232-244.

Rural Homeless: America's Lost Population. Kansas City, MO: National Rural Health Association.
Discusses the growing number of rural Americans without a fixed address. Includes causes and step-by-step community-based prevention approaches, immigration issues, and resources.

Sabbagn SJ. Sex, Lies, and Stereotypes: The Image of Arabs in American Popular Fiction. 1990.
Analyzes negative images of Arabs in thriller novels.

Sack WH et al. Does PTSD transcend cultural barriers? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1997;4(1):30-39.

Salimbene S, Graczykowski JW. What Language Does Your Patient Hurt In? A Health Practitioner's Guide to Treating Patients from Other Cultures. Amherst, MA: Amherst Educational Publishing. 1997.

Schott J. Culture, Religion and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society: A Handbook for Health Professionals. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. 1996.

Schulman KA, Rubenstein LE, Chesley FE, Eisenburg JM. The roles of race and socioeconomic factors in health services research. Health Services Research. 1995;30:179-195.

Semmes CE. Racism, Health and Post-Industrialism: A Theory of African-American Health. Westport, CT: Praeger. 1996.

Sent L, Ballem P, Paluck E, Yelland L, Vogal AM. The Asian women's health clinic: Addressing cultural barriers to preventive health care. CMAJ. 1998;159(4):350-354.
Discusses preventive care, Asian women's health issues, and physician-patient relations.

Shapiro J, Lenahan P. Family medicine in a culturally diverse world: A solution-oriented approach to common cross-cultural problems in medical encounters. Family Medicine. 1996;28:249-255.

Simons G. Working Together: How to Become More Effective in a Multicultural Organization. Los Altos, CA: Crisp Publications. 1989.

Smith DB. Addressing racial inequities in health care: Civil rights monitoring and report cards. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 1998;23(1):75-105.

Smith LS. Concept analysis: Cultural competence. Journal of Cultural Diversity. 1998;5(1):4-10:232-236.
Explores issues related to cross-cultural experiences, family practice education, internship and residency, empathy, and international educational exchange.

Sowell T. Ethnic American: A History. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc. 1981.

Sowell T. The Economics and Politics of Race: An International Perspective. New York: NY: William Morrow. 1983.

Spector RE. Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness (4th ed.). Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange. 1996.
Provides information about cultural and socioeconomic groups; health professional attitudes, and approaches to health care.

Stereotypes of emotional expressiveness of northerners and southerners: A cross-cultural test of Montesquieu's hypotheses. Journal of Personality, Sociology, and Psychology. 1996;70(2):372-380.
Reports survey of more than 2900 college students from 26 countries that northerners are viewed as less emotionally expressive than southerners; offers possible explanations for these results.

Stewart, Moira et al. Patient-centered Medicine: Transforming the Clinical Method. Kansas City, MO: Society of Teachers of Family Medicine and Sage Publications. 1995.
Presents a six-component model to assist health providers to expand and strengthen their relationships with patients, including conceptualizing illness, considering the person as an individual, and encouraging a whole-person philosophy.

Summerfield E. Crossing Culture Through Film. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. 1993.

Tervalon M, Murray-Garcia J. Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 1998;9(2); 117-124.
Proposes cultural humility, a life-long commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique; redressing the power imbalances in the patient-physician dynamic; and developing mutually beneficial partnerships with communities on behalf of individuals and defined populations.

Thomas J. Gypsies and American medical care. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1985;102:842-845.

Thomas J, Scott MS. Statistics show widespread bias against blacks. Black Enterprise. 1991;22(11).

Tingley JC. Genderflex: Men and Women Speaking Each Other's Language at Work. New York, NY: AMACOM. 1994.

Torres S. Hispanic Voices: Hispanic Health Educators Speak Out. New York, NY: NLN Press. 1996.

Ulrich LP. The patient self-determination act and cultural diversity. Cambridge Quarterly Health Ethics. 1994;3,(3):410-413.

Urban Family Practice: A Resource Monograph. Kansas City, MO: Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. 1994.
Designed to develop curriculum and educational experiences: outlines attitudes and skills; includes chapters on poverty, cross-cultural medicine, and community-oriented primary care.

VanSertima I (ed.). Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. 1988.

Ventres W, Gordon P. Communication strategies for the poor and underserved. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 1990;1(3):305-314.

Ventres WB. Cultural encounters and family medicine: Six lessons from South America. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice. 1997;10(3).

Vu HH. Cultural barriers between obstetrician-gynecologists and Vietnamese/Chinese immigrant women. Texas Medicine. 1996;92(10):47-52.
Explores shared cultural views and influence of beliefs about health, disease, birth and death. Includes beliefs about privacy and female modesty that affect communication, understanding and also beliefs that may result in delays in treatment.

Waldman HB. Immigrant children and pediatric dental practice. ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children. 1995;78(8):167-177.

Walker PL. Chumash Healing: Changing Health and Medical Practices in a American Indian Society. Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press. 1993.

Watkins EL, Johnson AE (eds.). Removing Cultural and Ethnic Barriers for Health Care. 1986. Rockville, MD. National Clearinghouse for Maternal and Child Health.

Weatherford J. Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World, Crown Books. 1988.

West C. Race Matters. New York, NY: Vintage Books, A Division of Random House, Inc. 1993.
Confronts prejudices of readers and insists that we share a common destiny. A best-selling book--described as "challenging and deeply healing."

White J, Parham, TA. The Psychology of Blacks: An African-American Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 1990.

Whitman NA, Schwenk TL. A Handbook for Group Discussion Leaders: Alternatives to Lecturing Medical Students to Death. Kansas City, MO: University of Utah School of Medicine and Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. 1983.

Williams D. The concept of race and health status in America. Public Health Reports. 1994,109(1):26-41.

Yiterberg S, Watson K, Kvasnicka J. Teaching and evaluating awareness of cultural and ethnic diversity in the medical encounter. Academic Medicine. 1994;69(5):411-412.

Yung BR, Hammond WR. Breaking the cycle: A culturally sensitive violence prevention program for African-American children and adolescents. In Handbook of Child Abuse Research and Treatment. New York, NY: Plenum Press. 1998.
Presents a culturally sensitive prevention model that intervenes in relationships at a point of development during which vulnerability for violence is great.

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